Scientists understand the basic process by which planets are formed: a disk of dust and gas swirls around a star, and small knots form due to perturbations. These knots attract more material and become clumps, gradually growing over time as more and more dust and gas is attracted to them due to gravity. Eventually, enough material is present that the material sticks together into a core, forming the basis of a new planet. However, the exact details of this
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