In 1945, the Navy Bureau of Aeronautics inaugurated a program to investigate the prospective use of liquid nitrogen as a rocket propellant. However, it wasn’t until 1962, when John F. Kennedy issued a challenge to NASA to safely land a man on the moon, that the hydrogen fuel cell technology really took flight. Two years later, the Gemini V spacecraft was the first to use fuel cells using cryogenic hydrogen and oxygen tanks to store its reactants, with its water by-products even consumed by astronauts
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