Thunderbolt 4 vs Thunderbolt 3 vs USB4

Apple has changed its MacBook connection standard from Thunderbolt 3 to “Thunderbolt / USB 4”. .

What does this mean? What is the difference between Thunderbolt 3 and Thunderbolt 4? And then what is USB 3?. As if USB and Thunderbolt couldn’t get any more confusing with many different speeds (from 5Gbps to 40Gbps) and functions possible using the same “USB-C” connection.
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